Electric motor and selector switch therefor



S. S. BROWN ELECTRIC MOTOR AND SELECTOR SWITCH THEREFOR Nov. 25, 1952 2SHEETS--SHEET 2 Filed Oct. 4. 1950 220v cc IIO V CW v220v cw cw K 220vcc IlO V ||ov CC 220V CW INVENTOR STEFFEN S. BROWN B m SQ/1%.

ATTORNEYS.

Patented Nov. 25, 1952 ELECTRIC MOTOR AND SELECTOR SWITCH THEREFORSteffen S. Brown, Dayton, Ohio, assigner to The Brown-BrockmeyerCompany, Dayton, Ohio,

a corporation of Ohio Application october 4, 195o, serial' No. 188,454

4 Claims.

This invention relates to a switching device, and particularly to aswitching device adapted for use with an electric motor to change theoperating voltage and rotation thereof.

In the ordinary type split-phase motor or in a double voltage motor,whenever it is desired to change the operating voltage or the directionof rotation, it is necessary to remove the conduit or terminal box coverand then change the motor connections at the terminal plate. This, ofcourse, is troublesome and involves the removing of the clamping nutsfrom the terminal posts and the changing of the leads thereon and thenthe replacing of the clamping nuts.

According to the present invention, this procedure is greatly simplied,and all chance of error in making such change eliminated by providing aswitch which is mounted on the motor and which can be moved to aplurality of positions for effecting the desired changes in the motorconnections.

Accordingly, the primary object of thisinvention is the provision of anarrangement for changing the operating voltage or the direction ofrotation of an electric motor without the usual procedure ofinterchanging lead connections at the motor terminal posts.

A particular object is the provision of a switch for changing theterminal connections of an electric motor at any time desired.

Another particular object is the provision of a switching arrangementwhich can be built integrally with the motor structure and which isreadily accessible externally of the motor for making changes in themotor lead connections.

These and other objects and advantages will become more apparent uponreference to the following description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an electric motor showing a switch ofthe nature referred to mounted on the side of the motor;

Figure 2 is a View looking in at the switch from the side of the motordrawn at a somewhat larger scale than it is shown in Figure l;

Figure 3 is a vertical section through the switch and is indicated byline 3 3 on Figure 2 Figure 4 is another section lookingin at thecontact plates of the switch and is indicated by line 4 4 on Figure 3;

Figures 5, 6, and '7 are views similar to Figure 4 but showing theswitch in other operative positions;

Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 are wiring diagrams of a motor showing how thevarious motor leads (Cl. S18-202) are connected to the terminal posts ofthe switch; and

Figure 12 is a fragmentary view showing how an overload protection relaycan be included in the motor circuit.

Referring to the drawings somewhat more in detail, the electric motorshown in Figure 1 comprises the usual frame l0 within which arepositioned the stator windings and also within which is rotatable anarmature for driving the output shaft I2.

Power may be brought into the motor in any suitable manner, as by meansof a conduit I4, and connected to the terminals of the windings withinthe motor frame.

According to my invention, the motor is additionally provided with aswitching mechanism, generally indicated at I6, and to `which all of thewinding leads and the incoming power lines are connected, so thatadjustment of the switch will adjust the operating conditions of themotor.

A somewhat enlarged view of the switch is illustrated in Figures 2, 3,and 4, and in these iigures it will be seen that the motor frame I0 ispreferably apertured, as at i8, in Figure 4, for permitting access tothe terminal posts of the switch, to which the various leads of themotor windings and the power lines are connected. The switch mechanismmay comprise a pair of spaced insulating members 20 and 22 spaced by thespacer sleeves 24 and secured to the motor frame as by screws 23. Anysuitably strong insulating material, such as flock, ber, orfabric-filled phenolic may be employed for the insulating disks. Othersubstances Well-known in the art may also be utilized for this purpose.

Mounted on member 20 are a plurality of studs 28 which are threaded ontheir one ends for receiving clamping nuts 30, and which have theirother ends rounded, as at 32, on the other side of the insulating memberfor being contacted by the contact elements of the movable part of theswitch mechanism. The said movable part of the switch mechanismcomprises an insulating disk element 34 having riveted or otherwisesuitably aixed thereto the contact plates 3S and 3f?. As illustrated,rivets 40 secure the contact plates to element 34, but it will beunderstood that other means could be utilized, if desired.

Insulating disk 34 is suitably mounted on a shaft 42 which preferablyhas its opposite sides iiat, as at 44, so that rotation of the shaftwill also rotate the said disk. A spring 46 bears between insulatingmember 22 and the back of disk 34 and thereby continuously urges thesaid disk the other well-known means that may be employed for shiftingthe phase of the current in Winding 14 or for interrupting the circuitthrough winding 14, or both.

It has been mentioned that this invention is adapted for use inconnection with motors hav- '.ing--an overload relayiincircuit;andf'thisis in- .idicatedxin Figure l2,-.wherein1thereis' placed in series withline L2 the overload relay 80, so that Allofgwhenever the runningwinding of the motor .becomes overloaded, the said relay will open and:ininterrupt'the supply of power to the motor. So far as the switch ofthis invention is concerned,

toward the ends of studs 28 to hold contact plates 3S and 3G in goodelectrical contact with the said studs. A bushing S supports the one endof shaft 52, and nuts 56 secure the shaft against axial movement in onedirection.

A shoulder 52 on the shaft on the opposite side of insulating memberlprovides abearing for preventing axial movement 'of the shaftv in theother direction and the said shaft is thus held in its proper locationat all times while rotation thereof is permitted for adjusting disk 34.

The aperture i8 in themotor frame'iszenclosed by a cover plate 54secured to the frame by screws 55 and through whichthe-*shaftiexinthe;introduction-of the overload relay involvesV tendsfor receiving the indicator-.59).` Indicatorf has a pointed end Eadapted for registering with the indicia E2 for indicating the`operating. conditions of the motor for each particular switchadjustment.

Inasmuch as the switch will ordinarily remain in; an adjustedpositionfor a considerableilength of time, plate d may comprise a plurality-of...threaded'holes-S adapted-for receiving afscrew A`-5l extendingthrough -indicatorg wherebythe indicator may be locked in each ofits-operative. i positions.

'.'Turning for the moment Vto Figures 8 through l1, there isshown1thewiring diagramror aspl-it- 'aphase' motor of thedouble Voltage typehaving y"running windings'l' and2 and a starting .wind-A ing 14. Thestuds 2S which are mountedffin in- .sulatingrnemberl are*v connectedwithl the ter- `minals of Pthe windingsas illustrated. Thus,

f'rwinding 'l0 hasone'end connected;toither-terminal marked I, and itsother'end 'connected-tc;y

C. vthe terminal marked 2; winding l2 has its one end connected`Iwith-the terminal,A marked S', and its i'otherlendconnected tothepterminalI marked pand :winding 'llzfhas onef .end :connected toy.the

1 :terminal marked 8, .and its other .endzconnectedg to :the terminalmarked.

; Power tlinei `L l 1 is connected .withthe ;.terminal I, :and :powerlineLZ.Y is connected with terminal f. 4. 1Alli-,otherconnection's'between' the terminals .5.; are effected Kbythe .contactplates i 35 .and'x S. f off'Y i'fhegselector switch fof this invention.

"Atgthis pointp itniayfloe noted' that` the switch .layoutsgof FiguresLlithrough 7 each .indicateseven .terminalsg'and this1is-accounted orbythe-'fact ;that;twofo the terminals are connected together,..'thusgiving.twosconnections'for the :terminal stud :smarked 2..Thisiisdone because'. it "somewhat ;;.;simplies the constructionofthecontact-'plates -...ofithezfswitch. l

'- It may Valso berpcintedoutithatf the: order.. int:

which the terminal1studs are` indicated-...in Fig- .ures 81 through'311:A is ".not theusame v.as :the order tifying' numerals applied tothe terminal: studs correspond-for'all of theviews.

'-The motor -or the diagram Vof'lFigures 8 through 1l may `he a'vsplit-phase motor of the rupt the circuitfthrough the starting Vwindingwhen the armature'of' the motor :attains 1 -pre-r determined speed.

` Thisfhas been/indicated in'fthe drawings-by P the rectangle 'F16whichv is A-intendedtorepresent fthecentrifugalswitch, or-thevcombination of aA condenser and a centrifugal switch, vorl any of' Jl5.an'o changeswhatsoever.

l'Y Returning now: to the switch proper, Figure 4 illustratesthe mannerin which the contact Figure 4 that.theterrninall studsare generally a.located. onf-two 'loa-se...circlesI which-.are-radially spacedso f therivets 40 caribe positionedoon'ian intermediate fbase f.- circle -iand.thus `prevent? the rivets 'from interfering with the contacting of thestuds bythe contact-plates.

this mannemtis, insuredrthan .thereaviu -always vbe fproper-- contactmade .and .no-:undue f wear-on .the studsor contact Aplates willyoccur.Contact plate 36 is fa4 simple l arcuatemembersexvtending aboutvapproximately 11345. degr eesof.the peripheryof-the insulatingidisk.34..andhaving a notch AV82 .thereinwhich will register with the onestud marked .2,1 as 'wille-.be .seen irri-Figurev 6. The other.contact.-.plate -38 extends eabout slightly. more..thanl'rdegreesloflthe periphery of the: disk x34 and-.has its.endsspacedifroni the Y -.ends Vof contact plate A-36. Contact lplate tis.-.notched, fasi-at 84, lfurthepurpose.Otxearing .'thecontactstudsmarked land 2..in-icertain.-posi tions of the switch, as will.be.seen.i`r'il..F'igures 4 through 7.

- `Operation fInorder more fully tdi'sclosethe natureand operation Aofthe switching- "arrangement of 'ithis invention, reference' may fbe'flhad Ito" Figures 4 through 7 taken inconneotion'withFigures 8through-'1 1, respectively.

In Figure 4 vthefswitchfv is shown. .adjusted-1f to the position wherethe operating voltage' is i110 andthe directionof'rotation-is-lcounterclockwise. V'-With" the switch this'positionftermirialsl lf; 3, and 5'a-re connectedtogetherrandterminals:2i 4,

'and 8 fare' connected* together. *'it'lnasmuchf "line LI isconnected'to terminal l'andlnellzflsrcon- 'f nected toter'rninal4;'"this results inthe-arrangement disclosedV in Figurel8,whereir'ith'fr1IIining other and with'startingwinding'lll.

'To adjust the motorto `counteifc'zlockwise"rotation with the samevoltageobtainingf;the-:switch may be indexed ina clockwisedirectionf'byremovingthe screw-66 'and turning f the indicator so thatpointer rB points tol thel indexforl LtheIlO -the index markedCC.onjthe-1f220lyoltnside,Lthe' connections shown in Figures 6 and 10are obtained. In this case, terminals 2, 3, and 5 are connected togetherand terminals 4 and B, with terminal l not being interconnected with anyof the others.

Reference to Figure will indicate that the running windings 'I0 and 12are now in series between the power lines Ll and L2, and that thestarting winding 14 is in parallel with running winding 12. Thus, eachof the running windings is subjected to 110 volts, as well as thestarting winding. It will be noted in Figure 6 that the notch 82 is inregister with the terminal stud 2 toward the right-hand side of theview, and that the terminal stud 2 toward the left-hand side of the viewis in engagement with contact plate 38.

In order to adjust the motor to clockwise rotation under 220 volts,indicator 58 of the switch is turned until its pointer 60 points to theindex marked CW on the 220 volt side. The position of the switch thatthis produces is illustrated in Figure 7 and the motor connections inFigure 11.

It will be noted that terminal I is still not connected to any of theothers of the terminals, that terminals 2, 3, and 8 are connectedtogether, and that terminals 4 and 5 are connected together. Theconditions within the motor are then the same as in Figure 10, exceptthat starting winding 14 is reversed relative to the running windings'l0 and l2.

It will be seen from the foregoing that my invention provides for arelatively simple switching arrangement for incorporation in asplitphase electric motor which makes it very convenient to change theoperating voltage of the motor or to change its direction of rotationwithout the necessity of ever having to change the connections at theterminal box of the motor in the customary manner.

The switch is inexpensive to manufacture and nals are individuallyconnected, said plate forming a part of a switch comprising a movablepart having contact members thereon engaging said receiving the wires tobe connected to the tercan readily be incorporated in a motor structureat the time of manufacture. The switch is accessible for adjustment atall times and is adapted for being locked in each position ofadjustment, thereby insuring that the switch can not accidently becomemoved to an improper location.

The arrangement of my invention has been described and disclosed inconnection with the usual type single-phase double voltage splitphasemotor. It has been explained how it can be used with either a straightsplit-phase motor or with a capacitor start motor, but it willbeunderstood that this 'mvenuon is also adaptable for other types ofmotors, for example, double voltage two-phase motors, double voltagethree-phase motors, as well as electrical reversible motors and othertypes where changes in motor connections are made to adapt the motor todiierent usages, are all ideal subjects for combination with a switchingdevice according to my invention.

It will be understood that this invention is susceptible to modicationin order to adapt it to different usages and conditions, and,accordingly, it Vis desired to comprehend such modifications within thisinvention as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

`I claim:

l. In combination: an electric motor having a frame with a statortherein having a plurality of windings with terminals, an aperture inthe wall of the frame, a terminal plate mounted over the aperture insidesaid frame having a plurality of terminal posts to which said termiminalposts.

2. In combination with an electric motor having a pair of runningwindings and a starting winding all with terminals, said motor having aframe with an aperture in one wall, a terminal plate mounted in theframe over the aperture having posts to which said terminals areindividually connected, said plate forming a part of a switch comprisinga single movable part having contact members thereon engaging saidposts, a shaft connected to said part and extending out the aperture,said movable part having a first pair of positions wherein all of thewindings are in parallel for operation of the motor at a lower voltageand a second pair of positions where the running windings are in seriesand with the starting winding in parallel with one thereof for operationof the motor at a higher voltage, said starting winding being connectedin circuit in one direction for one of each of said pairs of positionsand in the opposite direction for the other of each pair of positions,whereby either direction of operation of the motor can be had :foreither voltage, a cover plate outside the frame closing said apertureand through which said shaft extends, a combination indicator andturning knob on the outer end of the shaft, indicia on the cover plateto indicate the four operative positions of the said movable part, andmeans for clamping the indicator to the cover plate in only the saidfour positions.

3. In combination: an electric motor having a frame with a statortherein having a plurality of windings with terminals, an aperture inthe wall of the frame, a terminal plate mounted over the aperture insidesaid frame having a plurality of terminal posts to which said terminalsare individually connected, said plate forming a part of a switchcomprising a movable part having contact members thereon engaging saidposts to connect the windings, a shaft connected with the movable partextending out said aperture, said part being movable by actuation of theshaft to change the windings from series to parallel connection and toreverse the direction of rotation of the motor, an indicator on theouter end of said shaft, and a cover plate closing said aperture andbearing indicia to register with said indicator, means for locking saidindicator to said cover plate in each position of said movable part, thespace between the terminal plate and cover plate defining a space forreceiving the wires to be connected to the terminal posts.

4. In combination: an electric motor having a frame with a statortherein having a plurality of windings with terminals, an aperture inthe wall of the frame, a terminal plate mounted over the aperture insidesaid frame having a plurality of terminal posts to which said terminalsare individually connected, said plate forming a part of a switchcomprising a movable part having conneotithe windings@ shaft connectedwith the;

moyable `part extendingVV out `said aperture, said papt'being movable-by actuationo the shaft to change;` the windings-.from series toparallel connecton andto reverse-the direction of rotation oi-the motor,a back .plate spacedfrom said terminaLplate` behind*` saidv rotatablemember :for supporting said shit and spring means positioned'betweensaid,` movable member andsaid back-plate forfurgingl said contactsagainst said posts.,V an indicator on the. outer end of said shaft, andaA cover plate closing-said aperture and bearingindica. to.v registerwith said indicator, the space between the terminal plate and .coverplate defining kva Space forreoeiving the .Wiresto vbe connected totheterminal. posts.

SFIEFINv S. BROWN..

REFERENCES' :CITED '121145 ,followingreferences.u are of record in Vthele Vof:this,patent:

Number 15 lNTLunber

